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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Purpose and Organization of This Volume -- What Is Classroom Assessment? -- What Is the Role of the Measurement Community in Classroom Practice? -- Conclusion -- References -- PART I: CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT INFORMATION -- Chapter 1: Perspectives on the Validity of Classroom Assessments -- Argument-Based Approach to Validation -- Perspectives on Assessment -- Classroom Assessment -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Cognitive Diagnosis Is Not Enough: The Challenge of Measuring Learning with Classroom Assessments -- Basic Goal of Classroom Assessments: Supporting Student Learning -- The Challenge of Integrating Students' Personality Traits with Classroom Assessment Results -- The Challenge of Measuring Students' States of Emotion and Relatedness -- A Model for Contextualizing Classroom Assessment -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Language in Practice: A Mediator of Valid Interpretations of Information Generated by Classroom Assessments among Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students -- Limitations of Large-Scale Testing of Situated Language Practices during Instruction -- Classroom Assessment: Capturing Situated EL Student Performance in Interaction -- Language Practices as Assessment Mediator -- Effects of Students' Language Variation on the Design of Valid Classroom Assessments -- Leveraging the Effects of Students' Language Variation for Improved Assessment -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4: Feedback and Measurement -- Definitions and Key Concepts -- Types of Feedback, Types of Measurement, and Their Relationship -- Feedback and Validation -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Chapter 5: Discussion of Part I: Assessment Information in Context -- Introduction.

During the past few years the opt out movement, in which parents refuse to have their school-aged children take federally mandated educational assessments, has gained momentum. Yet many important questions about opting out remain unanswered: Who is actually opting out? What motivates parents who opt their children out of the tests? Are those who opt out trying to protect their children, or do they have broader political aims? These are some of the questions that we aim to address in this study. Data for this study come from the National Survey on Opting Out, which was conducted from January 20, 2016 through March 31, 2016. We recruited respondents online, through links on the webpages and social media channels of opt out groups. The survey was administered electronically. The sample consisted of a total of 1,641 respondents from 47 states.

What Is Constructing Test Items? -- Definition, Purpose, and Characteristics of Items -- Determining the Content for Items: Validity -- Starting to Write Items: Practical Considerations -- Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines for Items in the Multiple-choice Format -- Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines for Items in Constructed-response/Performance Formats -- Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines for Items in Other Common Formats -- Judging the Quality of Test Items: Item Analysis -- Ethical, Legal Considerations, and Final Remarks for Item Writers.

"The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is gaining increasing attention among education authorities of the world. The number of participating economies almost doubled in the past one and a half decades, increasing from 43 in 2000 when it first started to 74 in 2015. PISA assesses the performance in Reading, Mathematics, and Science of 15-year-olds with different emphases rotating among the three subjects in different exercises. The attention of the participating economies has been focused almost exclusively on the ranking results which are used to evaluate the standings and progress of their education systems, although PISA does cover many background conditions which might have influenced the performance. Interestingly, East Asian economies have been consistently in the leading positions, and Finland has been frequently cited as a model for the Western economies and even the world to emulate. This monograph contains many secondary analyses of PISA data. It presents results of comparisons of Singapore, East Asian economies, and the world. It also points up some influencing factors such as time in and after school, test-language effect, administrative styles, and school environment. Statistical and measurement issues are also raised and demonstrated. Moreover, cultural differences are evoked as a plausible explanation of the differences observed between the East and the West. This monograph, using mainly simple and layman language, equips educational administrators and policy makers with in-depth insights into some of the intricacies inherent in the PISA data for a more appropriate understanding. It is readily appreciated that such an understanding is needed to prevent misinterpretation and avoid unsound policy or wasteful action."--Publisher's website.

Educators are unhappy with the current assessments and their focus on low-level skills like recalling and restating facts rather than higher-order skills such as problem-solving and analyzing and synthesizing information. This book examines performance assessment as an alternative to the current high stakes standardized testing system in theUnites States. A must-have resource for those interested in the current research of performance assessment in the 21st century, this book will help educators accurately assess the benefits and possibilities for adopting performance assessments nationally

"Assessment, mainly in the form of tests and examinations, plays a critical role in the schooling of Singaporean students. The results are often used to make irrevocable decisions on the students' future education careers. This book is written with school leaders, teachers, and parents in mind, with the view of helping them to better understand the processes and products of assessment via tests and exams. It is written in simple terms, using minimal technical terms, and introduces school leaders, teachers, and parents to essential concepts and principles of educational measurements which are relevant in the school context in Singapore. While existing books on educational measurement are academically-oriented and meant for formal training courses, this book makes self-study simple by using practical examples couched in layman's language. In addition, this book uses concrete examples and analogies to make the text reader-friendly."--Publisher's website.

Designed to help middle and high school teachers, as well as students new to the rigor of college, Studying and Learning in a High Stakes World incorporates test preparation into classrooms without asking teachers to "teach to the test."

Cover -- Contents -- Notes on contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Part One Theory and method -- 1 Researching inside the international testing machine: PISA parties, midnight emails and red shoes -- 2 Assessment imaginaries: methodological challenges of future assessment machines -- 3 The infrastructures of objectivity in standardized testing Nelli Piattoeva and Antti Saari -- 4 Detecting student performance in large-scale assessments -- Part Two Observing data production -- 5 Starting strong: on the genesis of the new OECD survey on early childhood education and care -- 6 The situation(s) of text in PISA reading literacy -- 7 Self-reported effort and motivation in the PISA test -- 8 Student preparation for large-scale assessments: a comparative analysis -- 9 Investigating testing situations -- Part Three Reception and public opinion -- 10 Managing public reception of assessment results -- 11 The public and international assessments -- 12 Post script: has critique begun to gather steam again? Beyond 'critical barbarism' in studying ILSAs -- Index

This book explores how the global trend of quality assurance in higher education is related to the boom of measuring learning outcomes in Japan. It also presents a comparative study in higher education policy between Japan and the US, examining how both countries have reacted to the demands of globalization. This comparative view will help readers understand the present issues Japanese higher education faces and grasp the commonalties and differences between American and Japanese higher education.The book first explores the forces of globalization that have resulted in Japanese universities emphasizing student learning outcomes. Next, it examines how Japanese higher education has learned from the experience of the U.S., whose higher education reform has been regarded as a model for Japan. The book explains why quality assurance for teaching and learning has become important for all Japanese higher education institutions.Higher Education on a global basis is now facing a great issue. In order to help students in a competitive global market, universities need to become more teaching-and-learning-centered and develop more internationalized curricula. This book provides comparative views for cultural and structural similarities and differences in higher education in two countries which could explain significant differences in the gains students make in college. It will help readers understand not only how student learning outcomes can be measured, but why universities throughout the world must continually strive to become world-class institutions.

Rapid-and seemingly accelerating-changes in the economies of developed nations are having a proportional effect on the skill sets required of workers in many new jobs. Work environments are often technology-heavy, while problems are frequently ill-defined and tackled by multidisciplinary teams. This book contains insights based on research conducted as part of a major international project supported by Cisco, Intel and Microsoft. It faces these new working environments head-on, delineating new ways of thinking about '21st-century' skills and including operational definitions of those skills. T

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors and Authors -- Editors -- Authors -- Chapter 1: International Policy Perspectives on Change in Teacher Education -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Teacher Education Policy Change -- 1.3 Policy and 'Insider' Perspectives -- 1.4 The Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Collective Agency-Promoting Leadership in Finnish Teacher Education -- 2.1 Introduction: Importance of Leadership in Teacher Education -- 2.2 Theoretical Outlines: Promoting Shared Leadership Practices Through Agency -- 2.3 Teacher Education in Finland -- 2.4 Methodological Considerations -- 2.4.1 The Context of the Study -- 2.4.2 Leadership Practices in the Department -- 2.5 Data Collection and Analysis -- 2.6 Findings -- 2.6.1 Creating Collective Leadership Practices -- 2.6.2 Enhancing the Professional Agency of Staff -- 2.6.3 Building Leaders' Collective Agency -- 2.7 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: An Insider Look at the Implications of 'Partnership' Policy for Teacher Educators' Professional Learning: An Australian Perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Teacher Educators: A Profession or Occupational Group? -- 3.3 The Janus-Faced Profession: The Problem for Teacher Educators and Their Professional Learning -- 3.4 The Study -- 3.4.1 The Australian Teacher Education 'Partnership' Policy Context: Document Analysis -- 3.4.2 Teacher Educators: Partnerships and Professional Learning -- 3.4.3 Teacher Educator's Identity and Professional Learning in Partnership Work -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: An Exploration of Teacher Educator Identities Within an Irish Context of Reform -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Discourses of Identity and Teacher Educators' Identities -- 4.3 Irish Social and Policy Landscape: Seismic Shifts.